*,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        box-sizing: border-box;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }
    body {
        background: var(--oscuro);
        color: var(--claro);
        overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    /* -- HERO -- */
    .hero {
        position: relative;
        height: 60vh;
        min-height: 380px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: flex-end;
        justify-content: center;
        padding: 3rem clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 6rem);
        overflow: hidden;
    }

    .hero::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        inset: 0;
        background-image: url('../img/historia/historia_portada_optimized.webp');
        background-size: cover;
        background-position: center;
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        filter: brightness(0.35);
        transform: scale(1.04);
        transition: transform 8s ease;
    }

    .hero:hover::before {
        transform: scale(1.0);
    }

    .hero::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        inset: 0;
        background: linear-gradient(to top, var(--oscuro2) 10%, transparent 50%);
    }

    .hero-content {
        position: relative;
        z-index: 1;
        max-width: 1440px;
        width: 100%;

    }

    .hero-tag {
        font-family: var(--font-body);
        font-size: .72rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: .25em;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        color: var(--principal);
        margin-bottom: .75rem;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
        line-height: .92;
        letter-spacing: .04em;
    }

    .hero h1 span {
        color: var(--principal);
    }

    /* -- SECTION WRAPPER -- */
    .section {
        max-width: 1100px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 5rem clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 3rem);
    }

    /* -- INTRO -- */
    .intro {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 2px 2fr;
        gap: 2.5rem;
        align-items: start;
        padding-bottom: 4rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--borde-gris);
    }

    .intro-label {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        letter-spacing: .12em;
        color: var(--secundario2);
        padding-top: .25rem;
    }

    .intro-divider {
        background: var(--principal);
    }

    .intro-text {
        font-size: 1.08rem;
        line-height: 1.75;
        color: var(--text-light-gray);
        font-weight: 300;
    }

    .intro-text strong {
        color: var(--amarillo-principal);
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    @media (max-width: 700px) {
        .intro {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }

        .intro-divider {
            display: none;
        }
    }

    /* -- TIMELINE TITLE -- */
    .tl-title {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 1.5rem;
        margin-bottom: 4rem;
    }

    .tl-title h2 {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
        letter-spacing: .06em;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .tl-title-line {
        flex: 1;
        height: 2px;
        background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--principal), transparent);
    }

    /* -- TIMELINE -- */
    .timeline {
        position: relative;
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    /* central line on desktop */
    .timeline::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        left: 50%;
        top: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        width: 2px;
        background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--principal) 0%, var(--amarillo-principal) 50%, var(--principal) 100%);
        transform: translateX(-50%);
    }

    .tl-item {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 60px 1fr;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 0;
        margin-bottom: 5rem;
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(32px);
        transition: opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease;
    }

    .tl-item.visible {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }

    /* alternate: odd items → content LEFT, image RIGHT */
    /* even items → image LEFT, content RIGHT */
    .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-content {
        grid-column: 1;
        text-align: right;
        padding-right: 2rem;
    }

    .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-dot {
        grid-column: 2;
    }

    .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-media {
        grid-column: 3;
    }

    .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-media {
        grid-column: 1;
        order: 1;
    }

    .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-dot {
        grid-column: 2;
        order: 2;
    }

    .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-content {
        grid-column: 3;
        text-align: left;
        padding-left: 2rem;
        order: 3;
    }

    /* -- DOT -- */
    .tl-dot {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        position: relative;
        z-index: 2;
    }

    .dot-inner {
        width: 44px;
        height: 44px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        background: var(--oscuro);
        border: 3px solid var(--principal);
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        transition: background .3s, transform .3s;
    }

    .tl-item:hover .dot-inner {
        background: var(--principal);
        transform: scale(1.15);
    }

    .dot-inner svg {
        width: 18px;
        height: 18px;
        fill: var(--principal);
        transition: fill .3s;
    }

    .tl-item:hover .dot-inner svg {
        fill: var(--claro);
    }

    /* -- CONTENT -- */
    .tl-year {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: 3.8rem;
        line-height: 1;
        color: var(--principal);
        letter-spacing: .04em;
    }

    .tl-chapter {
        font-size: .65rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: .22em;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        color: var(--secundario2);
        margin-bottom: .4rem;
    }

    .tl-heading {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        letter-spacing: .06em;
        margin-bottom: .75rem;
        color: var(--claro);
    }

    .tl-desc {
        font-size: .92rem;
        line-height: 1.7;
        color: var(--text-gray2);
        font-weight: 300;
    }

    .tl-badge {
        display: inline-block;
        margin-top: .9rem;
        padding: .3rem .9rem;
        background: transparent;
        border: 1px solid var(--principal);
        color: var(--principal);
        font-size: .65rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: .18em;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        border-radius: 2px;
    }

    /* -- MEDIA -- */
    .tl-media {
        border-radius: 6px;
        overflow: hidden;
        position: relative;
    }

    .tl-media img {
        width: 100%;
        aspect-ratio: 16/10;
        object-fit: cover;
        display: block;
        transition: transform .5s ease, filter .5s ease;
        filter: brightness(.85) saturate(.9);
    }

    .tl-media:hover img {
        transform: scale(1.04);
        filter: brightness(1) saturate(1.1);
    }

    .tl-media::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        inset: 0;
        border: 1px solid rgba(232, 67, 10, .25);
        border-radius: 6px;
        pointer-events: none;
        transition: border-color .3s;
    }

    .tl-media:hover::after {
        border-color: rgba(232, 67, 10, .7);
    }

    /* -- STATS BAR -- */
    .stats {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr));
        gap: 1px;
        background: var(--borde-gris);
        border: 1px solid var(--borde-gris);
        border-radius: 6px;
        overflow: hidden;
        margin-top: 5rem;
    }

    .stat {
        background: var(--gris);
        padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .stat-num {
        font-family: var(--font-display);
        font-size: 3rem;
        color: var(--principal);
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .stat-label {
        font-size: .72rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: .18em;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        color: var(--secundario2);
        margin-top: .4rem;
    }

    /* -- MOBILE -- */
    @media (max-width: 768px) {
        .timeline::before {
            left: 20px;
        }

        .tl-item {
            grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto auto;
            margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
        }

        .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-content,
        .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-content {
            grid-column: 2;
            grid-row: 1;
            text-align: left;
            padding: 0 0 1rem 1.5rem;
            order: 1;
        }

        .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-dot,
        .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-dot {
            grid-column: 1;
            grid-row: 1;
            align-self: start;
            padding-top: .3rem;
            order: 0;
        }

        .tl-item:nth-child(odd) .tl-media,
        .tl-item:nth-child(even) .tl-media {
            grid-column: 2;
            grid-row: 2;
            order: 2;
        }

        .dot-inner {
            width: 36px;
            height: 36px;
        }

        .tl-year {
            font-size: 2.8rem;
        }
    }
    @media (max-width: 734px) {
        .stats{
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        }
    }
    @media (max-width: 330px) {
        .stats{
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }